In cinema, indigenous peoples have principally been represented in the documentary genre, whether they be from the plateaus of the Far East, the islands of Polynesia, the heart of Africa, or the South American jungles. In Chile, it is possible to state that this has been the same trend, since practically all the audio-visual productions about original peoples are documentaries. This fact demonstrates the importance of carrying out a comparative study of some of these documentary productions to determine in what way the distinctive features between one or another indigenous culture are represented, or on the contrary, to observe if any process of conventionalization is used in the construction of their image, which in the end minimizes the differences between these groups of humans. In order to carry out this exercise, we will establish a corpus of documentaries about two indigenous cultures and analyze them using a common typology, which at the same time will make it possible to identify the components that articulate the image of these peoples in an audiovisual format.