When reading the title of this thesis, the first question that the reader asks is: "What is audiovisual anthropology?" And that question, which seems to be defined in a paragraph, is the cornerstone for shaping all this work. Because it is a relatively new discipline and because of its interdisciplinary nature, its domains have not been fully defined and its development has been shaped by new technologies, social sciences and art. Given the above, the aim is to establish a reflective and conceptual analysis on audiovisual anthropology, in order to determine its contributions. There is also a historical tour of its development.