Reflections about the work of Mekas and the cinematic essay as ethnography.
This study analyzes two purportedly pro-indigenous films directed by non-indigenous filmmakers in Peru. I contend that in the films Gregorio (Grupo Chaski, 1984) and Madeinusa (Claudia Llosa, 2006), the positive image of indigenous Peruvian women as migrant subjects with agency is weakened by the dominance of a “foreign” and exoticizing gaze over the marginalized “other.” Even though the films of Chaski and Llosa may intend to reject the stereotyped representation of indigenous women, they nevertheless end up by reinforcing a negative image. In the selection of the cast or the structuring of the narrative argument, the representation of the indigenous female in these films replicates dominant Eurocentric patterns. By denying self-representation, or by offering a verisimilar portrayal that negatively distorts traditional Andean values, these two films participate in the recurrent media practice of cultural violence against the indigenous peoples of the Americas.